What each grey level reveals
Very dark greys (5 to 15%) expose the weak points of OLED panels, where each pixel turns on at a barely-there current: you may see vertical stripes, a green or magenta tint, or a blotchy pattern. On LCDs the same levels show clouding and backlight zones. Mid greys (25 to 50%) are the best for dirty screen effect and for comparing the left and right sides of a panel. Light greys (75%) show edge vignetting and colour shifts across the screen.
OLED panels are made of millions of independent light sources, and the first few percent of brightness is the hardest range to control.
OLED panels are made of millions of independent light sources, and the first few percent of brightness is the hardest range to control. Some phones show a faint vertical line or tint at 5 to 10% grey, particularly at low brightness. Dirty screen effect appears as a mottled or streaky look on a flat grey, and can be stronger on new displays. Compare at your normal brightness, and run the test again after a few weeks if the unit is new, since some panels settle in.
IPS and VA uniformity
IPS panels are prone to corner glow and clouding on dark greys, and brightness falloff towards the edges on light greys. VA panels can show a darker centre or dark edges depending on how the panel is stretched. Small variations of a few percent are normal. A visible patch, a clear tint on one side or a bright band across the screen is worth documenting.
How to read the results
Write down the grey level at which you first notice each problem, and take a photo of the worst one. If a defect only appears at a grey that you rarely see in real content, such as 5%, it may not matter in use. If it shows on 25 to 50% grey, you will see it in sports, skies and documents. Always compare against another screen of the same model before deciding it is a fault.